3. DISTRICT COURT
District courts are the lowest level of trial courts in the judicial system of India. They are established in each district of the country and have jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases within their territorial limits. Here are some key features of district courts in India
1. Jurisdiction :
District courts have jurisdiction over a wide range of civil and criminal matters, including disputes related to property, contracts, family law, consumer disputes, motor vehicle accidents, and criminal offenses. They are the primary courts for trials of criminal cases and hear civil cases involving substantial claims.
2. Civil Cases :
District courts handle civil cases involving disputes between individuals, organizations, or government entities. They have the authority to hear cases related to contracts, property rights, divorce and matrimonial matters, succession, debt recovery, and other civil claims. District courts can issue orders, judgments, and decrees in civil cases.
3. Criminal Cases :
District courts handle criminal cases where the offenses are not within the exclusive jurisdiction of other specialized courts. They hear trials for offenses punishable with imprisonment for up to seven years and can impose fines and other penalties. District courts can also conduct preliminary inquiries and investigations in criminal cases.
4. Appellate Jurisdiction :
District courts serve as appellate courts for cases decided by subordinate courts within their jurisdiction. They hear appeals against the judgments and orders of lower courts, such as the lower judiciary, family courts, and other tribunals functioning within the district.
5. Magisterial Functions :
District courts exercise magisterial functions, including the issuance of search warrants, arrest warrants, and bail orders. They also conduct proceedings related to the remand of accused persons, release on parole or furlough, and other matters pertaining to criminal proceedings.
6. Administrative Functions :
District courts perform administrative functions, such as the appointment, transfer, and disciplinary control of subordinate judicial officers within the district. They also oversee the functioning of subordinate courts, monitor case management, and ensure the timely disposal of cases.
District courts are presided over by District and Sessions Judges, who are appointed by the state government in consultation with the High Court. Additional District and Sessions Judges, as well as other judicial officers, assist the District and Sessions Judge in the administration of justice. District courts form an essential part of the judicial system, providing access to justice at the grassroots level and resolving a significant number of civil and criminal disputes
