1. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial body and the final court of appeal in the Indian legal system. It was established on January 28, 1950, under the Constitution of India and is located in New Delhi, the capital city of India. The Supreme Court of India is entrusted with the responsibility of interpreting the Constitution and ensuring its enforcement.
Important features of the Supreme Court of India include:
1. Composition:
The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and a maximum of 34 judges, including the CJI. The President of India appoints the judges of the Supreme Court based on their qualifications and experience in the legal profession.
2. Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court has both original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction. It has original jurisdiction in certain matters, such as disputes between the Union and the states, disputes between states, and cases involving violations of fundamental rights. As the highest appellate court, it hears appeals from lower courts and tribunals across the country.
3. Judicial Review:
The Supreme Court of India has the power of judicial review, which allows it to examine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions. It ensures that laws and actions are consistent with the provisions of the Constitution and can strike down those that are deemed unconstitutional.
4. Writ Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court has the power to issue writs under Article 32 of The constitution of India such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto. These writs are important tools for protecting fundamental rights and ensuring the rule of law.
5. Advisory Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court can provide advisory opinions to the President of India on questions of law or fact that are of public importance. However, such opinions are not binding and are provided at the discretion of the Court.
6. Judicial Independence:
The Supreme Court of India is known for its independence and impartiality. The judges are appointed through a rigorous process, and they enjoy security of tenure and certain safeguards to ensure their independence from external influences.
The decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts in India. Its judgments have far-reaching implications on various legal, social, and political issues. The Supreme Court plays a critical role in upholding the rule of law, protecting fundamental rights, and maintaining the constitutional balance in India.
