2. High Court
High Courts are the highest judicial bodies at the state or union territory level. Each state and union territory in India has its own High Court. High Courts have the authority to exercise original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, and writ jurisdiction within their respective jurisdictions. Here are some key features of the High Courts in India:
1. Composition :
Each High Court consists of a Chief Justice and several other judges appointed by the President of India. The number of judges in each High Court is determined by legislation and can vary from one state to another.
2. Original Jurisdiction :
High Courts have original jurisdiction in certain matters, such as disputes between the state and the central government, disputes between the state governments, and cases involving constitutional questions. They also have the power to issue writs and orders for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
3. Appellate Jurisdiction :
High Courts serve as appellate courts, hearing appeals from subordinate courts within their respective jurisdictions. They have the power to review and revise judgments and orders passed by district courts, tribunals, and other lower courts.
4. Writ Jurisdiction :
High Courts have the power to issue writs under Article 226 of The constitution of India such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto. These writs are issued to protect fundamental rights and ensure the legality of government actions.
5. Administrative Functions :
High Courts perform administrative functions related to the appointment and transfer of judges in subordinate courts within their jurisdiction. They also exercise supervisory powers over the functioning of lower courts and tribunals.
6. Judicial Review :
High Courts have the power of judicial review and can examine the constitutionality and legality of laws and executive actions. They can strike down laws that are inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution and ensure that government actions comply with legal principles.
The decisions of High Courts can be appealed to the Supreme Court of India, except in cases where the Supreme Court has already provided a final ruling on the matter. High Courts play a crucial role in the administration of justice and protecting the rights of individuals within their respective jurisdictions
